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The EU holds around 100,000 surface water bodies and around 12,000 groundwater bodies with a great value, both ecologically and economically. The EU’s water-dependent sectors generate €3.4 trillion and employ around 44 million people. However, the increasing chemical pollution of surface- and ground waters is of a great concern as they have largely unknown long-term environmental effects, not only on aquatic life, but also on human health. Without clean freshwater, free from anthropogenic contaminants, one can neither assure aquatic and human health, nor uphold a safe food production within an agricultural area. EU therefore, on the 26th of October proposed new rules on surface water and groundwater pollution. The new EU rules concerning water pollutants are intended to reduce or remove substances damaging health and the environment, such as PFAS, pesticides, pharmaceuticals and antibiotics. PFAS, a large group of “forever chemicals” used in cookware, clothing and furniture, firefighting foam and personal care products, are particularly problematic, due to persistence and ease of spread in our water bodies with potential alarming health issues. Recent experiences from the member states around the South Baltic Sea have revealed that PFAS hot spots are releasing large amounts of these highly persistent and hazardous pollutants. In Denmark alone more than 1,000 potential PFAS hot-spots have been identified. The most severe case in Denmark so far, a firefighting site in Korsør with unfortunate connection to grazing beef cattle’s and their consumers. PFAS in the effluent from the ordinary urban WWTP’s also originates from other diffuse sources, as well as deposits from air. Removing PFAS and other micro pollutants of emerging concern from contaminated groundwater, sewage and other point sources is essential. Sustainable management of water resources is also essential in promoting green economic development. Thus, there is an urgent need for environmental and climate f